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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Daltonminimum</span></h1>
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<p>Das <b>Daltonminimum</b> (nach dem englischen Forscher <a href="John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>) war eine Periode verminderter <a href="Sonnenaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Sonnenaktivität">Sonnenaktivität</a> ungefähr zwischen 1790 und 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Periode ging mit einem besonders kühlen Erdklima einher. Während der sogenannten <a href="Kleine_Eiszeit" title="Kleine Eiszeit">Kleinen Eiszeit</a> kam es immer wieder zu negativen Abweichungen der globalen Mitteltemperatur. Verstärkt wurde dies insbesondere durch die <a href="Tambora" title="Tambora">Tambora</a>-Eruption und das darauf folgende <i><a href="Jahr_ohne_Sommer" title="Jahr ohne Sommer">Jahr ohne Sommer</a></i> 1816.
</p><p>Vorhergehende Minima waren das <i><a href="Maunderminimum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maunderminimum">Maunderminimum</a></i> (1645–1715) und das <i><a href="Sp%C3%B6rerminimum" title="Spörerminimum">Spörerminimum</a></i> (1420–1550); nach dem Daltonminimum folgte dann das <i>Moderne Maximum</i> (1914–2000). Es gibt Indizien, dass das <i>Moderne Maximum</i>, nachdem es um 1960 seinen Höhepunkt überschritten hatte, in ein neues Minimum übergehen könnte.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Bei der 24. Generalversammlung der <a href="Internationale_Astronomische_Union" title="Internationale Astronomische Union">Internationalen Astronomischen Union</a> 2015 wurde eine revidierte Datenserie ab 1750 präsentiert, nachdem die Beobachtungsbedingungen nochmals überprüft wurden, die nun um 1885 und um 1945 weniger niedrige, respektive höhere, Sonnenfleckenzahlen angibt. Damit stellt sich auch das Daltonminimum in der Zeitreihe weniger extrem dar.<sup id="cite_ref-iau1508_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iau1508-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/public/images/detail/iau1508b/">Graphs demonstrating improved agreement between Old and New Sunspot Numbers</a></i> und <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/public/images/detail/iau1508b/">The Newly Calibrated sunspot Group Number over the last 400 years</a></i> (iau.org, August 2015, zur Pressemitteilung iau1508)<sup id="cite_ref-iau1508_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iau1508-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-iau1508-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iau1508_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iau1508_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iau1508_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1508/">Corrected Sunspot History Suggests Climate Change since the Industrial Revolution not due to Natural Solar Trends.</a></i> Pressemitteilung International Astronomical Union, iau1508, 7. August 2015 (iau.org, abgerufen am 20. August 2015).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Dalton-minimum">Dalton minimum.</a></i> In: <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> Online. Abgerufen am 29. November 2014.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Usoskin u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evidence for distinct modes of solar activity</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Astronomy & Astrophysics</cite>. 2014, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361%2F201423391">10.1051/0004-6361/201423391</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Daltonminimum&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+distinct+modes+of+solar+activity&rft.au=G.+Usoskin+u.+a.&rft.btitle=Astronomy+%26+Astrophysics&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201423391&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Ineson u. a.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Regional climate impacts of a possible future grand solar minimum</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Nature Communications</cite>. 23. Juni 2015, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8535">10.1038/ncomms8535</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Daltonminimum&rft.atitle=Regional+climate+impacts+of+a+possible+future+grand+solar+minimum&rft.au=Sarah+Ineson+u.+a.&rft.btitle=Nature+Communications&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fncomms8535&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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